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Cygnus CRS Orb-9E
Cygnus CRS Orb-9E, also known as Orbital Sciences CRS Flight 9E, is the tenth planned flight of the Orbital ATK' unmanned resupply spacecraft Cygnus and its ninth flight to the International Space Station under the Commercial Resupply Services contract with NASA.〔〔 Orbital and NASA jointly developed a new space transportation system to provide commercial cargo resupply services to the International Space Station (ISS). Under the Commercial Orbital Transportation System (COTS) program, then Orbital Sciences designed and built Antares, a medium-class launch vehicle; Cygnus, an advanced maneuvering spacecraft, and a Pressurized Cargo Module which is provided by Orbital's industrial partner Thales Alenia Space.〔
==History==
The COTS demonstration mission was successfully conducted in September 2013, and Orbital commenced operational ISS cargo missions under the Commercial Resupply Service (CRS) program with two missions in 2014. Regrettably, the third operational mission, Orb CRS-3, resulted was not successful due to spectacular Antares failure during launch. The company decided to discontinue the Antares 100 series and accelerate the introduction of a new propulsion. The Antares system will be upgraded with newly built RD-181 first-stage engines to provide greater payload performance and increased reliability.〔
In the meantime, the company has contracted with United Launch Alliance for an Atlas V launch of Orb CRS-4 in late 2015 from Cape Canaveral, FL, with a second Atlas V Cygnus launch in 2016.〔〔 The company has planned Cygnus missions for the first (Orb CRS-5), second (Orb CRS-6) and fourth quarters (Orb CRS-7) of 2016. Two of which will fly on the new Antares 230 and one on the aforementioned second Atlas V. These three missions will enable Orbital ATK to cover their initial CRS contracted payload obligation.〔〔 This particular mission, is known as Orb-9E, is part of an extension program that will enable NASA to cover the ISS resupply needs until the Commercial Resupply Services 2 contract enters in effect, and thus the E indicates that it actually is an extension above the originally contracted payload transport.〔
Production and integration of Cygnus spacecraft is performed in Dulles, VA. The Cygnus service module is mated with the pressurized cargo module at the launch site, and mission operations are conducted from control centers in Dulles and Houston.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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